How does this video look to a person?

Holiday dance

A green-screen holiday video: dancers composited onto a living room and a snowy roof. Low resolution, already heavily compressed. 640×360, 29.97 fps, 81.04 seconds, 2403 frames, source at 153 kbps.

Both encodes came out bigger than this source. It was already compressed hard, and CRF sets a quality target, not a file size.

The 5 frames the model scored

• 

  Frame 241 of 2403 · CRF 28

  Model

  3.4

  VMAF

  92.4

  PSNR

  38.8 dB

  The frame shows moderate overall visual quality with acceptable fidelity but clear limitations. Compression artifacts are mild to moderate: some blockiness and texture smearing are visible in the darker window areas, curtain folds, wooden floor, and around fine details such as the Christmas tree decorations. Slight ringing/haloing appears along high-contrast edges, especially around the person, curtains, and gift boxes. Blur/detail loss is noticeable due to the relatively low resolution and possible scaling; facial features, clothing texture, garland detail, and tree ornaments appear softened. A fast-moving object near the lower left is heavily motion-blurred, though this may be motion-related rather than compression-only. Color reproduction is generally bright and stable, with strong reds and greens, but saturation appears somewhat artificial and the composited background has a slightly flat, synthetic look. Edge preservation is fair: major silhouettes remain readable, but fine edges show aliasing and softness. Overall fidelity is adequate for casual viewing, but the frame lacks fine detail and exhibits mild compression and scaling artifacts.

  Same frame: source 3.2, CRF 24 3.4

  Source, model 3.2. The frame has moderate visual quality with noticeable limitations. Compression artifacts are present, especially as slight blockiness and mosquito noise around high-contrast edges such as the curtains, fireplace decorations, tree ornaments, and the subject's outline. Some ringing is visible along sharp graphic edges, while banding is minimal but may be faintly present in smoother wall and floor areas. Detail retention is mixed: the background elements remain reasonably recognizable, but fine textures are softened, and the subject's face, clothing details, and small decorations lack crispness, likely due to resolution limits and compression. Edges are generally preserved but appear somewhat aliased and artificially sharp in the background, with visible compositing edge softness around the person. Color reproduction is saturated and festive but not fully natural, with reds and greens appearing slightly boosted; skin tones are acceptable but somewhat flat. Overall fidelity is fair: the image is clear enough for viewing, but compression, low fine-detail resolution, and compositing-related edge artifacts reduce perceived quality.

  CRF 24, model 3.4, VMAF 95.5. The frame has fair overall visual quality with a clean but somewhat low-resolution appearance. Compression artifacts are mild: there is little obvious macroblock breakup, though some fine ringing/aliasing is visible along high-contrast edges such as the curtains, window frames, the subject outline, and Christmas tree decorations. Banding is minimal, with relatively smooth wall and floor gradients. Detail reproduction is moderate; the main subject is recognizable but facial detail, fabric texture, and small decorations appear soft, likely due to scaling or source resolution limits. A bright moving object near the lower left is heavily blurred and partially blown out, reducing local clarity. Color reproduction is vivid and generally stable, with strong reds and greens, though saturation is slightly heightened and some highlights near the snow/fireplace and blurred object are clipped. Edge preservation is acceptable but not crisp, with slight jaggedness and compositing-like edges around the subject and foreground elements. Overall fidelity is adequate for casual viewing but lacks fine detail and sharpness expected from high-quality video.

• 

  Frame 721 of 2403 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.0

  VMAF

  92.2

  PSNR

  38.5 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual quality with moderate sharpness and stable color reproduction. Compression artifacts are minimal, with no strong blockiness visible in flat wall or floor regions; slight ringing/aliasing can be seen around high-contrast edges such as the curtains, tree ornaments, and the subject outline. Fine details in the background, especially the snowy windows, tree decorations, and garland, appear somewhat softened, suggesting mild blur/detail loss or lower source resolution. Colors are vivid and well-saturated, particularly reds and greens, without obvious color bleeding or severe banding, though the overall image has a slightly artificial composited look. Edge preservation is mostly good on the main subject, but some thin lines and small decorations lose definition. Overall fidelity is good, with only minor softness and light compression/edge artifacts limiting the score.

  Same frame: source 3.6, CRF 24 3.6

  Source, model 3.6. The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with moderate limitations. Compression artifacts are present but not severe: slight blockiness and mosquito noise can be seen around high-contrast edges such as the curtains, tree ornaments, fireplace decorations, and the subject's outline. Fine textures in the snowy window scenes, garland, and Christmas tree are somewhat smeared, suggesting compression and/or scaling loss. Blur is moderate; the main subject is recognizable but facial detail, clothing texture, and small decorative elements lack sharpness. Edge preservation is fair, with most major outlines intact, though some edges appear softened and slightly aliased, especially around the subject and vertical window/curtain boundaries. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with strong reds and greens, but saturation appears somewhat artificial and the composite background has a flat, studio-like look. No major banding is visible, though darker areas near the bottom and in the outdoor window scenes show limited shadow detail. Overall fidelity is reasonable for casual viewing, but reduced fine detail, mild compression artifacts, and some edge softness keep it below high-quality presentation.

  CRF 24, model 3.6, VMAF 95.3. The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with moderate limitations. Compression artifacts are mild to moderate, with some visible blockiness and texture breakup in detailed areas such as the tree, garlands, curtains, and window backgrounds. There is slight ringing/haloing around high-contrast edges, especially around the central subject and decorative elements. A small amount of banding or gradient compression is visible in the darker floor/shadow region near the bottom. Detail is somewhat softened, particularly in facial features, fabric texture, and background objects, suggesting limited resolution or compression-related detail loss. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, though reds and golds appear slightly oversaturated, and the overall image has a somewhat synthetic/composited look. Edge preservation is fair, but fine edges show aliasing and minor jaggedness, especially around the subject silhouette and ornaments. Overall fidelity is decent for a compressed video frame, but not high-definition quality due to softness, mild artifacts, and imperfect edge clarity.

• 

  Frame 1202 of 2403 · CRF 28

  Model

  2.8

  VMAF

  93.9

  PSNR

  38.7 dB

  The frame shows moderate visual quality degradation. Compression artifacts are visible mainly as slight blockiness and mosquito/ringing artifacts around high-contrast edges such as the Santa figure, sleigh, snowflakes, and chimney. The dark sky background is mostly clean but shows minor noise/speckling and some unevenness; no severe banding is apparent. There is noticeable blur and detail loss on the central subject, especially in the face, beard, belt, and clothing texture, giving the figure a soft, low-resolution appearance. The snow texture retains contrast but appears repetitive and aliased, with jagged diagonal patterns and loss of natural fine detail. Color reproduction is generally vivid, with strong reds, yellows, and whites, but saturation appears somewhat artificial and the composited elements do not have consistent sharpness or tonal integration. Edge preservation is mixed: large graphic elements like the sleigh have fairly defined outlines, but many edges show jaggies, halos, and soft transitions. Overall fidelity is fair to low, with acceptable readability of objects but clear signs of compositing softness, aliasing, and compression-related edge artifacts.

  Same frame: source 3.4, CRF 24 3.2

  Source, model 3.4. The frame has moderate visual quality with limited obvious compression damage. There is slight ringing/mosquito noise around high-contrast edges such as the sleigh outline, Santa's red suit against the dark background, and the chimney, but strong blockiness is not apparent. Fine detail is limited: Santa's face and beard appear soft, the fur trim lacks texture, and the roof snow pattern looks somewhat smeared and repetitive, likely due to low resolution and scaling. Edges are generally preserved but show visible aliasing and stair-stepping, especially on the sleigh curves, roof ridges, and character outline. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with saturated reds and yellows, though the composited elements have a slightly artificial look and inconsistent sharpness. Overall fidelity is fair: the image remains readable and stable, but softness, jagged edges, and minor edge artifacts reduce perceived quality.

  CRF 24, model 3.2, VMAF 96.8. The frame has moderate overall quality with clear visibility of the main elements, but several technical issues are present. Compression artifacts are relatively limited, though the dark sky shows slight noise/grain and minor block-like texture in flatter areas. High-contrast edges, especially around the sleigh, snow highlights, and character outline, show noticeable aliasing and some ringing-like harshness. The repetitive roof/snow pattern exhibits strong texture shimmer/moire-like detail and uneven preservation, which can appear visually busy and degraded. There is mild blur/detail loss on the central figure, particularly in the face and beard area, reducing fine detail definition. Color reproduction is vivid but somewhat synthetic, with saturated reds and stark whites; the whites retain detail in places but appear clipped or overly bright in some snow areas. Edge preservation is mixed: large graphic shapes remain sharp, but cutout boundaries and fine snow/star edges look jagged. Overall fidelity is fair, with acceptable clarity but visible compositing/aliasing artifacts and some loss of natural detail.

• 

  Frame 1683 of 2403 · CRF 28

  Model

  3.6

  VMAF

  93.1

  PSNR

  41.2 dB

  The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with moderate limitations from resolution and compression. Compression artifacts are mild to moderate: slight blockiness is visible in flatter areas such as the wall and floor, and there is some ringing/aliasing around high-contrast edges like the curtains, window frames, Christmas tree decorations, and the subject's outline. Fine detail is somewhat softened, especially in the face, hair, garland, tree ornaments, and presents, indicating blur/detail loss likely from compression and limited source resolution. Edge preservation is fair, with major object boundaries remaining clear, but thin structures and decorative elements appear jagged or smeared. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with strong reds and greens, though saturation appears slightly exaggerated and the composited background has a somewhat artificial look. Overall fidelity is decent for a low-to-mid resolution frame, but fine texture reproduction and clean edge rendering are noticeably limited.

  Same frame: source 3.8, CRF 24 3.7

  Source, model 3.8. The frame has generally acceptable visual quality with no severe compression artifacts. Blockiness is minimal, though there is slight softness and possible mild ringing/haloing around high-contrast edges such as the curtains, the performer outline, and the tree decorations. Fine detail is somewhat limited due to the relatively low resolution and mild blur, especially in the face, hair, window background, and small ornaments. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with strong reds and greens; saturation appears slightly exaggerated but not distorted, and there is no obvious banding in the walls or darker window areas. Edge preservation is fair: large object boundaries remain readable, but finer edges show some aliasing and compositing softness. Overall fidelity is good for a web/video frame, though detail clarity and edge precision are not high-end.

  CRF 24, model 3.7, VMAF 95.4. The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with mild compression artifacts. There is some softness and detail loss on the central subject, especially in facial features, hair, clothing texture, and shoes, suggesting either scaling, focus softness, or compression smoothing. Fine details in the Christmas tree, garland, curtains, and outdoor window areas are partially preserved but appear slightly smeared in places. Compression artifacts are modest: minor ringing/haloing is visible around high-contrast edges such as the subject outline, window frames, curtains, and tree decorations, with slight blockiness in darker regions and flatter background areas. Banding is minimal, though smooth wall and shadow gradients show limited tonal subtlety. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with strong reds and greens; saturation is high but not severely distorted. Edge preservation is fair, with major object boundaries remaining clear, though fine edges appear somewhat softened and compositing edges around the subject are not perfectly natural. Overall fidelity is moderate-to-good for a low-resolution frame, with the main limitations being softness, mild compression artifacts, and reduced fine-detail clarity.

• 

  Frame 2163 of 2403 · CRF 28

  Model

  3.4

  VMAF

  90.3

  PSNR

  37.8 dB

  The frame has fair overall visual quality with a moderately clean image but noticeable limitations. Compression artifacts are mild: there is some visible softness and slight block-like texture in flatter areas such as the walls, floor, and curtains, with minor ringing/haloing around high-contrast edges like the figures, fireplace, stockings, and tree ornaments. Banding is not prominent, though gradients and shadowed regions appear somewhat simplified. Detail retention is moderate; the image looks downscaled or low-resolution, with facial features, beard texture, tree decorations, and background window scenery lacking fine detail. Motion or compositing blur is visible around the subjects, especially at limbs and costume edges. Color reproduction is generally vivid and stable, with strong reds and warm fireplace tones, though saturation appears somewhat exaggerated and the composite elements do not perfectly match in lighting or tonal depth. Edge preservation is acceptable but not crisp, with some jaggedness and cutout-like boundaries around the people and props. Overall fidelity is adequate for casual viewing, but limited by low spatial resolution, softness, mild compression artifacts, and visible compositing inconsistencies.

  Same frame: source 3.5, CRF 24 3.7

  Source, model 3.5. The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with moderate limitations. Compression artifacts are present but not severe: there is some visible blockiness and mosquito noise around high-contrast edges such as the curtains, stockings, tree ornaments, and the Santa costume, with mild ringing/haloing around composited subject boundaries. Fine textures, especially the beard, fur trim, tree decorations, and background window detail, appear somewhat softened, indicating blur/detail loss likely from limited resolution and compression. Color reproduction is vivid and mostly stable, though reds are highly saturated and some bright areas in the fireplace and white fur show reduced tonal detail. Edge preservation is fair, but edges exhibit aliasing and cutout-like boundaries, particularly around the people and Christmas tree. Overall fidelity is decent for a low-to-mid resolution video frame, but softness, mild compression noise, and compositing edge artifacts prevent it from looking fully clean or natural.

  CRF 24, model 3.7, VMAF 93.9. The frame shows generally acceptable visual quality with moderate limitations. Compression artifacts are mild to moderate: slight blockiness and mosquito noise are visible around high-contrast edges such as the Santa costume, curtains, fireplace flames, stockings, and tree decorations, with some ringing/aliasing on fine decorative details. Blur/detail loss is noticeable, especially in facial features, the beard texture, background ornaments, and the snowy window area; fine textures appear softened, suggesting limited resolution or compression smoothing. Color reproduction is vivid and stable, with strong reds and warm fireplace tones, though saturation is somewhat exaggerated and highlights in white areas such as the beard, cuffs, and window snow lose subtle detail. Edge preservation is fair: major object boundaries remain clear, but composited edges around the people and decorations look slightly jagged or softened. Overall fidelity is decent for a low-to-mid resolution frame, but it lacks fine detail and has visible compression/processing artifacts that prevent it from appearing fully sharp or natural.

Circular saw

A spinning blade on a workbench. Short, with fast motion. 848×478, 30 fps, 1.9 seconds, 56 frames, source at 1,541 kbps.

The 5 frames the model scored

• 

  Frame 6 of 56 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  88.9

  PSNR

  36.5 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear subject detail and stable color reproduction. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblocking, with only slight softness and minor edge ringing/aliasing visible around high-contrast boundaries such as the saw guard and tabletop edges. Banding is not apparent in the smooth beige background. Detail preservation is good on the central object, including visible texture on the metal guard and readable markings, though the spinning blade area shows strong motion blur that reduces fine detail locally. Background objects are somewhat soft, likely due to focus/depth of field rather than compression. Colors appear natural and well saturated, with no major hue shifts or clipping. Edges are mostly well preserved, though some thin edges appear mildly softened. Overall fidelity is high, with only minor compression/processing softness and localized motion blur preventing a higher score.

  Same frame: source 4.0, CRF 24 4.0

  Source, model 4.0. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object boundaries and well-preserved detail on the tool body, table surface, and visible lettering. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblockiness, and only slight edge ringing/aliasing may be visible around high-contrast contours. Banding is not apparent in the smooth background areas. Some blur is present, especially on the spinning blade, which appears as motion blur rather than codec degradation, while the stationary parts remain fairly sharp. Fine texture on the metal guard and fabric is retained reasonably well, though the overall frame has mild softness consistent with video capture. Color reproduction is strong and natural, with saturated reds and blues appearing clean without major bleeding or tint shifts. Edge preservation is good overall, with distinct outlines on the saw and nearby objects. Overall fidelity is solid, with only minor softness and very limited compression-related degradation.

  CRF 24, model 4.0, VMAF 93.5. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear subject structure and stable exposure. Compression artifacts are minimal: there is no strong macroblock breakup, but slight smoothing and minor mosquito/ringing artifacts can be seen around high-contrast edges and fine text/texture areas. Some low-level noise or compression grain is visible in flatter background regions such as the tabletop. Detail preservation is good on larger edges and object contours, though fine engraved/textured surfaces appear mildly softened. The spinning blade region contains significant motion blur, but this appears scene-related rather than a codec defect. Color reproduction is natural overall, with saturated reds and cyans retained without obvious clipping or severe hue shift. Edge preservation is mostly strong, with only slight aliasing/softness along diagonal and curved metallic edges. Overall fidelity is good, with minor compression/softness limitations but no major visible degradation.

• 

  Frame 17 of 56 · CRF 28

  Model

  3.8

  VMAF

  88.5

  PSNR

  36.4 dB

  The frame has generally good visual fidelity with the main subject rendered clearly and recognizable fine details visible on the tool housing and blade label. Compression artifacts are mild: there is no strong blockiness, but slight ringing/edge haloing and minor mosquito noise are visible around high-contrast edges and text. Some detail loss is present due to moderate softness, especially in the background objects and darker areas inside the blade guard; the spinning blade area also appears blurred, likely from motion. Color reproduction is mostly natural, though the image has a slightly warm indoor cast and some saturation emphasis in the reds and cyans. Edge preservation is fair to good on the tool outline and metal base, but small text and fine textures are somewhat softened. Overall, the frame is clean and usable, with only mild compression and sharpness limitations preventing a higher score.

  Same frame: source 4.0, CRF 24 4.1

  Source, model 4.0. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object boundaries and preserved fine detail, such as the textured metal surface and visible lettering. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no strong blockiness, ringing, or banding, though slight noise and mild compression smoothing are visible in flatter tabletop areas. Blur is limited overall, with some motion blur on the rotating circular blade and slight softness in background objects, but the main subject remains well defined. Color reproduction appears natural and reasonably saturated, with no major color shift; reds, blues, and grays are distinct, though highlights on reflective metal are somewhat bright. Edge preservation is good, especially around the tool housing and base, with only minor softening on fine edges. Overall fidelity is high, with minor loss of sharpness and low-level compression/noise preventing a higher score.

  CRF 24, model 4.1, VMAF 93.3. The frame shows generally good visual fidelity with clear object boundaries and readable fine details such as the embossed branding and blade markings. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblockiness, and only slight smoothing/ringing may be visible around high-contrast edges and textured areas. Blur is limited overall, though the spinning blade area exhibits motion blur, which is scene-related rather than a global sharpness issue. Background details are somewhat softer, but the main subject retains good edge definition. Color reproduction appears natural with reasonably accurate reds, blues, and neutral grays, though there is mild warm indoor lighting influence. Banding is not apparent, and tonal transitions are mostly clean. Overall, this frame has good quality with minor compression/detail-loss limitations but no severe visual degradation.

• 

  Frame 29 of 56 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  90.1

  PSNR

  36.0 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual fidelity with clear object boundaries and recognizable fine details such as the embossed lettering, textured metal housing, and fabric weave. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblockiness, and only slight ringing/edge haloing may be visible around high-contrast edges. Banding is not apparent in the smooth tabletop or colored surfaces. Detail preservation is good in the central subject, though there is some localized blur on the spinning blade and mild softness in background objects, likely from motion and focus depth rather than compression. Colors appear reasonably natural and saturated, with the teal, red, and gray tones reproduced well; no major color cast or chroma bleeding is evident. Edge preservation is strong overall, especially along the saw housing and base plate, with only minor softening on smaller background items. Overall fidelity is high, with minor softness and very slight compression-related smoothing preventing a higher score.

  Same frame: source 4.0, CRF 24 4.0

  Source, model 4.0. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object definition and recognizable fine details such as the embossed lettering and surface textures. Compression artifacts are mild: there is slight blockiness and smearing in flatter background areas and minor ringing along some high-contrast edges, but these are not severe. Blur/detail loss is moderate only in specific areas, especially around the spinning blade where motion blur is expected; static elements remain reasonably sharp. Color reproduction is acceptable, with natural-looking reds and blues, though the scene has a slightly warm/yellow cast from the lighting. Edge preservation is good overall, with most tool contours and metal edges remaining well defined, though some edges appear mildly softened. Overall fidelity is solid, with no major visual degradation, but limited resolution, slight compression softness, and minor color cast prevent it from appearing pristine.

  CRF 24, model 4.0, VMAF 95.2. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear subject detail and stable exposure. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no strong blockiness, and only slight mosquito noise/ringing may be visible around high-contrast edges and fine texture areas. Banding is not apparent. Detail reproduction is reasonably strong on the tool housing, blade label, and surrounding objects, though there is mild softness likely from camera focus/noise reduction, especially toward the background and darker interior areas. Colors appear vivid and mostly natural, with saturated reds and cyans preserved well, though the image has a slightly warm indoor cast. Edge preservation is good overall, with defined contours on the circular saw and workbench objects, but some fine edges are mildly softened. Overall fidelity is high, with only minor blur and light compression/noise artifacts preventing a top score.

• 

  Frame 40 of 56 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.0

  VMAF

  85.4

  PSNR

  35.2 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual quality with no obvious severe compression artifacts. Blockiness is minimal to absent, with only slight compression softness/noise in flat areas such as the tabletop and darker regions of the saw blade. Ringing is very mild around high-contrast edges, and banding is not apparent. Detail preservation is fairly good on the saw housing, textured metal guard, and nearby objects, though the image has moderate softness consistent with limited resolution and possible camera focus/compression. The spinning blade area is heavily motion-blurred, but this appears to be scene motion rather than an encoding defect. Colors are vivid and mostly natural, with strong cyan and red reproduction and no major color bleeding or hue shifts. Edges are reasonably well preserved, especially on the tool outline and metal plate, though fine text and small background details are softened. Overall fidelity is solid for this resolution, with mild loss of fine detail but no major visible degradation.

  Same frame: source 4.0, CRF 24 4.0

  Source, model 4.0. The frame shows generally good visual fidelity with clear object boundaries and readable surface detail on the saw housing. Compression artifacts are mild: there is slight mosquito noise/ringing around high-contrast edges and some minor texture smoothing in flatter areas such as the workbench, but no severe blockiness or banding is evident. Detail preservation is good on the stationary parts, including the textured metal guard and screws, though the spinning blade exhibits strong motion blur, causing localized detail loss in the center of the frame. Color reproduction is mostly natural with a slightly warm cast and somewhat saturated reds/blues, but no major color bleeding or chroma distortion. Edge preservation is solid overall, with only minor softness along some contours. Overall, this is a clean frame with moderate resolution limitations and localized motion blur, but few significant compression defects.

  CRF 24, model 4.0, VMAF 90.9. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object boundaries and adequate fine detail on the tool housing, workbench, and surrounding objects. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no strong macroblockiness, banding, or severe ringing visible, though very mild compression smoothing can be seen in flatter areas such as the tabletop and darker regions. Detail preservation is good overall, with textured surfaces and embossed lettering remaining legible, but there is some localized motion blur on the rotating blade area and slight softness across the image likely from camera focus or video compression. Color reproduction appears natural and stable, with the blue housing and red cloth/blade rendered vividly without obvious color bleeding or major white-balance issues. Edges are mostly well preserved, especially around the saw body and table edges, with only minor softness and faint haloing in high-contrast areas. Overall fidelity is solid, with moderate-to-high clarity and only minor artifacts or blur limiting the score.

• 

  Frame 51 of 56 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  85.3

  PSNR

  34.8 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object detail and readable text on the tool housing. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblocking, though slight ringing/edge halos and mild texture smoothing are visible around high-contrast edges and fine patterned areas such as the red cloth and blade markings. Blur is low to moderate: major edges are well defined, but the image has a slightly softened video look, with some fine detail loss in background objects and darker regions. Color reproduction is stable and natural overall, with a slight warm indoor cast and somewhat saturated reds, but no severe color bleeding or banding. Edge preservation is mostly strong on the saw body, blade guard, and tabletop objects, though thin edges show minor aliasing and compression softness. Overall fidelity is good, with only mild compression and sharpness limitations visible in this frame.

  Same frame: source 4.0, CRF 24 4.0

  Source, model 4.0. Overall visual fidelity is good. Compression artifacts are mild: there is slight softness and minor mosquito/ringing noise around high-contrast edges such as the saw guard, blade opening, and tabletop objects, but no strong blockiness or obvious banding in flat areas. Blur/detail loss is limited on static regions; the textured metal guard, Makita logo, screws, and workbench items retain reasonable detail. The spinning blade area shows pronounced motion blur, but this appears primarily due to object motion rather than encoding failure. Color reproduction is generally natural with a slightly warm indoor cast; the cyan saw housing and red blade/rag are saturated but not severely clipped. Edge preservation is fairly strong on the main tool contours, though fine edges are modestly softened. Overall, the frame appears clean and stable with only minor compression and sharpness limitations.

  CRF 24, model 4.0, VMAF 90.9. The frame shows generally good visual quality with clear object structure and recognizable fine details such as the embossed logo, blade markings, and surface texture on the metal guard. Compression artifacts are mild: there is slight softening and some minor ringing/edge noise around high-contrast boundaries, but no obvious blockiness or severe banding. Blur is present, especially on the spinning blade, though this appears partly due to motion rather than encoding; static areas retain moderate-to-good detail. Color reproduction is natural overall, with strong but plausible reds and cyans, and no major color bleeding or tinting issues. Edges are mostly well preserved, particularly on the saw housing and base plate, though some fine edges look slightly smoothed. Overall fidelity is solid, with only minor compression/softness limitations visible.

Waterfall

Full HD. Water, foliage and fine texture, which encoders find hard. 1920×1080, 24 fps, 5.21 seconds, 122 frames, source at 4,321 kbps.

The 5 frames the model scored

• 

  Frame 13 of 122 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  90.0

  PSNR

  39.9 dB

  The frame shows generally high visual fidelity with minimal visible compression artifacts. There is no obvious blockiness, and ringing is not apparent around high-contrast edges; banding is also not noticeable in the water or shadow gradients. Detail is well preserved in rocks, foliage, and tree trunks, though dense vegetation in darker areas appears slightly soft and somewhat crushed by shadow, reducing fine texture visibility. The waterfall contains significant motion blur and some highlight clipping/overexposure, causing loss of detail in the brightest white water regions. Color reproduction is natural overall, with pleasing greens and blue-green water, though contrast is high due to strong sunlight and deep shadows. Edge preservation is good on static elements such as rocks and leaves, while water boundaries are softer due to motion and exposure. Overall, this is a clean, good-quality frame with minor detail loss in highlights and shadows rather than major compression degradation.

  Same frame: source 4.2, CRF 24 4.1

  Source, model 4.2. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: there is no obvious blockiness, and only very slight possible mosquito noise/ringing around high-contrast foliage and bright water edges. Banding is not apparent in the water or shaded regions. Detail reproduction is good in the rocks, leaves, and foreground water, though fine foliage in darker areas appears slightly softened and somewhat noisy, likely due to compression and shadow complexity. The bright waterfall areas are partially clipped/overexposed, causing loss of texture and fine detail in the highlights; some blur in the falling water is present, though this is consistent with motion and exposure rather than purely encoding degradation. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and cyan-blue water, but the high dynamic range scene leads to crushed shadows in dense vegetation and blown highlights in the water. Edges are mostly well preserved, especially along rocks and tree trunks, with only minor softness around highly textured vegetation. Overall, the image is clean and visually pleasing, with the main quality limitations being highlight clipping, slight softness in dense foliage, and minor compression/noise in dark areas.

  CRF 24, model 4.1, VMAF 93.7. The frame shows generally high visual fidelity with good resolution and natural-looking detail in rocks, foliage, and water boundaries. Compression artifacts are minimal: no obvious macroblock structure or strong ringing is visible, though very fine foliage in darker areas appears slightly softened/mushy, which may indicate mild compression or noise reduction in high-detail regions. Banding is not apparent in the water or shadow gradients. Blur/detail loss is limited; static edges such as rocks and nearby leaves are reasonably sharp, while the waterfall itself is smooth and partially overexposed, reducing texture detail in the brightest white water. Color reproduction is pleasing and natural overall, with rich greens and cyan water, though the high-contrast lighting produces deep shadows and some clipped highlights on the falls. Edge preservation is good, with clean silhouettes and little haloing. Overall fidelity is strong, with the main technical limitations being highlight clipping in the water and slight loss of fine detail in dense vegetation.

• 

  Frame 37 of 122 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.2

  VMAF

  90.2

  PSNR

  39.3 dB

  The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: no obvious macroblocking is visible, and only very slight texture smearing may be present in dense foliage and moving water areas. Ringing is not prominent, though some high-contrast boundaries around the bright waterfall appear a little softened. Banding is not noticeable in the water or shadow gradients. Detail is well preserved in rocks, leaves, and tree trunks, but the waterfall contains intentional motion blur and some highlight clipping/overexposure, causing loss of fine texture in the brightest white water regions. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and believable blue-green water, though shadowed foliage is quite dark and may have slight crushed detail. Edge preservation is good across rocks and vegetation, with only mild softness in complex foliage. Overall, the frame appears clean and sharp with minor dynamic-range and fine-detail limitations in highlights and dense textures.

  Same frame: source 4.3, CRF 24 4.2

  Source, model 4.3. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: there is no obvious blockiness, and only very slight possible ringing/mosquito noise around high-contrast foliage and waterfall edges. Banding is not apparent in the water or shadow gradients. Detail reproduction is strong in the rocks, leaves, and forest textures, though the moving water appears soft and partially over-smoothed, with some highlight clipping in the brightest white cascade areas. Dark forest regions retain acceptable structure but have some crushed shadows and reduced fine detail. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and convincing water tones, though contrast is somewhat high and the brightest water areas lose tonal separation. Edge preservation is good across rocks, branches, and foliage, with only mild softness in complex vegetation and flowing-water boundaries. Overall, this is a clean, sharp frame with minor highlight loss and slight detail reduction in the most dynamic/bright areas.

  CRF 24, model 4.2, VMAF 93.7. The frame shows generally high visual fidelity with good resolution and natural-looking detail in the rocks, foliage, and pool surface. Compression artifacts are minimal: no obvious macroblocking is visible, and only very mild mosquito noise or edge shimmer may be present around dense leaves and high-contrast waterfall edges. Banding is not apparent in the water or shadow gradients. Detail preservation is good overall, though the brightest waterfall regions are overexposed and partially clipped, causing loss of texture in the white water. Some blur is present in the falling water, likely motion-related rather than encoding-related, while surrounding static elements retain acceptable sharpness. Color reproduction is mostly natural with rich greens and cyan water, though highlights are slightly washed out and shadows in the forest are quite deep. Edges are generally well preserved, with foliage and rock boundaries remaining coherent, though fine leaf detail is somewhat softened in darker areas. Overall, this is a clean, high-quality frame with minor highlight clipping and slight softness in complex textures.

• 

  Frame 62 of 122 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  89.9

  PSNR

  38.8 dB

  The frame is generally high quality with good spatial resolution and natural-looking detail in the rocks, foliage, and water surface. Compression artifacts are minimal: there is no obvious macroblock blockiness or severe banding, though some fine foliage in the darker forest areas appears slightly smeared and low-contrast, consistent with mild compression/detail loss. Very subtle ringing/haloing may be visible around high-contrast waterfall edges, but it is not distracting. Blur is limited overall; static edges on rocks and tree trunks are reasonably preserved, while the waterfall itself is heavily smoothed and partially overexposed, causing loss of fine texture in the bright white water. Color reproduction is mostly natural, with rich greens and believable cyan water, though the brightest waterfall regions are clipped and shadows are somewhat crushed in dense foliage. Edge preservation is good in midtone areas, but weaker in highlights and dark vegetation. Overall fidelity is strong, with the main quality limitations being highlight clipping in the waterfall and slight softness/smearing in complex foliage textures.

  Same frame: source 4.2, CRF 24 4.2

  Source, model 4.2. The frame is generally high quality with good spatial detail in foliage, rocks, and surrounding terrain. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious blockiness or banding, though dense vegetation and darker shadow regions show slight texture smearing/noise consistent with compression in complex areas. The waterfall contains some highlight clipping and overexposure, causing loss of fine detail in the brightest white water, and the moving water appears naturally soft with some detail loss. Edge preservation is mostly strong, especially along rocks, tree trunks, and leaf boundaries, with only mild softness around high-contrast water edges. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and believable water tones, though shadows are somewhat crushed in the forest areas and highlights are over-bright. Overall fidelity is good to very good, limited mainly by clipped highlights and minor detail loss in high-motion/high-complexity regions.

  CRF 24, model 4.2, VMAF 94.1. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious blockiness, and ringing is only faint around high-contrast transitions such as bright water against darker rocks and foliage. Some fine foliage areas in the darker left/background regions appear slightly mushy, which may be due to compression and shadow noise reduction rather than severe artifacting. The waterfall contains natural motion blur and some highlight clipping/overexposure in the brightest white water, causing loss of texture detail there. Static elements such as rocks, tree trunks, and foreground leaves retain reasonably sharp edges, though very fine leaf detail is somewhat softened. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and neutral rock tones, but the bright water is slightly blown out and the pool has a mild cyan cast. Edge preservation is good across most of the frame, with only minor softness in dense vegetation and flowing water. Overall, the frame is clean and visually pleasing, with the main limitations being clipped highlights in the waterfall and slight fine-detail loss in complex foliage.

• 

  Frame 86 of 122 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  89.6

  PSNR

  38.6 dB

  The frame shows generally high visual fidelity with no obvious macroblock artifacts or severe compression issues. Fine foliage and water textures are mostly preserved, though dense vegetation in darker areas appears slightly softened/mushy, consistent with mild compression or detail loss in high-frequency regions. There is minimal visible ringing around high-contrast edges, and banding is not apparent in the water or shadow gradients. Blur is limited overall; static rocks and leaves retain reasonable detail, while the waterfall is naturally motion-smoothed and additionally loses texture in bright areas. Highlight clipping is noticeable across the white water, reducing recoverable detail and flattening some cascades. Color reproduction is natural and pleasing, with rich greens and blue-green water, though contrast between bright water and dark forest is somewhat aggressive. Edge preservation is good on rocks, branches, and foreground foliage, but weaker in the overexposed water regions. Overall, this is a clean, sharp-looking frame with mild detail loss and dynamic range limitations preventing a higher score.

  Same frame: source 4.3, CRF 24 4.2

  Source, model 4.3. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: no obvious macroblocking is visible, and ringing is not prominent around high-contrast edges, though dense foliage and dark shadow areas show slight texture smearing consistent with mild compression. Banding is not noticeable in the water or shaded regions. Detail rendition is strong in rocks, leaves, and tree trunks, but the bright waterfall areas have some highlight clipping and loss of fine texture, making portions of the water appear washed out. Some blur in the flowing water is expected from motion/exposure rather than a global sharpness issue; static scene elements remain reasonably sharp. Color reproduction is natural with rich greens and pleasing blue-green water, though contrast is high and shadow areas are somewhat crushed. Edge preservation is good across foliage, rocks, and water boundaries, with only minor softening in complex vegetation. Overall, the frame is clean and visually appealing, with the main technical limitations being clipped highlights and slight detail loss in high-motion/high-brightness water regions.

  CRF 24, model 4.2, VMAF 93.5. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal; there is no obvious macroblockiness, and only slight possible mosquito noise/ringing around high-contrast foliage and waterfall edges. Fine vegetation detail is somewhat softened in dense shadowed areas, likely due to compression and limited local contrast, but major textures in rocks and leaves remain recognizable. The waterfall contains very bright areas with some highlight clipping and loss of texture in the white water, though this is localized. Blur is moderate in the moving water, while static elements such as rocks, trunks, and foreground foliage retain reasonably sharp edges. Color reproduction appears natural, with rich greens and clean cyan-blue water, though contrast is high and shadow regions are quite dark. Edge preservation is good overall, with only minor softness in fine branches and leaf clusters. Overall, the frame is clean and visually pleasing with small losses in highlight detail and fine-texture preservation.

• 

  Frame 110 of 122 · CRF 28

  Model

  4.1

  VMAF

  89.3

  PSNR

  38.4 dB

  The frame shows generally good visual quality with high overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: no obvious macroblock structure is visible, and banding is not apparent in the water or shadow gradients, though there is slight texture smoothing in dense foliage and fine water detail that may be compression-related. Blur/detail loss is moderate in the waterfall due to motion and bright exposure, with fine water strands merging into soft white areas; foliage and rocks retain reasonable texture but are somewhat softened in darker regions. Color reproduction is natural overall, with rich greens and plausible rock/water tones, although highlights in the waterfall are clipped/overexposed, reducing tonal detail. Edge preservation is good on rocks, tree trunks, and foreground leaves, with only mild softness and limited ringing around high-contrast water edges. Overall, the frame is clean and visually pleasing, with the main quality limitations being highlight clipping, slight softness, and minor loss of fine texture in complex vegetation and flowing water.

  Same frame: source 4.2, CRF 24 4.2

  Source, model 4.2. The frame shows generally high visual quality with good overall fidelity. Compression artifacts are minimal: there is no obvious blockiness, and only slight texture smearing or mosquito noise may be visible in dense foliage and high-detail water areas. Ringing is not prominent, and banding is largely absent, though the bright waterfall regions have limited tonal detail due to highlight clipping/overexposure. Detail reproduction is good in rocks, vegetation, and foreground water, but the waterfall itself appears soft and somewhat smeared, likely from a combination of motion blur and exposure rather than compression alone. Color reproduction is natural and vivid, with rich greens and clean cyan-blue water, though contrast is high and some dark forest areas lose shadow detail. Edges are mostly well preserved around rocks, tree trunks, and foliage silhouettes, with only minor softness in fine leaves and flowing water boundaries. Overall, the frame is clean and visually pleasing, with the main quality limitations being clipped highlights in the waterfall and slight fine-detail loss in complex textures.

  CRF 24, model 4.2, VMAF 93.7. The frame shows generally high visual quality with no obvious blockiness, banding, or severe compression artifacts. Fine foliage areas are somewhat challenging and exhibit mild texture smoothing and slight loss of micro-detail, but there is little visible ringing or mosquito noise around high-contrast edges. The waterfall region is very bright, with some highlight clipping and detail washout in the white water; motion blur in the flowing water also reduces fine texture, though this is partly scene-related. Rocks, tree trunks, and foreground vegetation retain reasonably sharp edges, with only minor softness in dense background foliage. Color reproduction is mostly natural, with rich greens and plausible water tones, though shadows in the forest are somewhat crushed and the brightest water areas lack tonal separation. Overall fidelity is strong, with good edge preservation and only moderate detail loss in highlights and complex foliage.